Direct/ indirect speach.
Косвенная речь

1 Прямая речь (он говорит)

Сохраняется прямой порядок слов и неичего не меняется.

EXAMPLES :
He says: "I like apples"

2 Косвенная речь (он сказал)

Прямой порядок слов.

Сдвигайте времена, как указано в таблице

Одновременное действие
He lives in New York
I thought that he lived in New York.
Mother is sleeping.
I knew that mother was sleeping.
Предшествующее действие
The students said, "We wish our exams were over."
The students said that they wished their exams had been over.
He bought a new car.
I heard that he had bought a new car.
Последующее действие
"Will you be free tomorrow? Colin asked.
Colin asked if he would be free the following day.

В случае выражений tell/ask smb to do smth глагол обычно идет в инфинитиве:
"Stay in bed for a few days," the doctor said to me.
The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days.

Модальные глаголы
can - could
may - might
must - had to

Заменяйте обстоятельства времени, как указано в таблице
Direct speech Indirect speech
today
yesterday
tomorrow .
..ago
this
these
here
last year
last month
last ...
next ...
that day
the day before
the next day
...before
that...
those...
there
the year before
the month before
the ...before
the following...

В общих вопросах появляется if и используется обычный порядок слов.

EXAMPLES:
Will you go there? He asked if I would go there.

Специальные вопросы без if

EXAMPLES:
"Why hasn't he locked the car door?" the policeman said. The policeman asked why he hadn't locked the car door.
"Where is the nearest bus stop?" the old man addressed a policeman. The old man asked a policeman where the nearest  bus stop was .

В случае команд (повелительное наклонение), ничего не меняется. Выражение Don't заменяется на Not.

EXAMPLES:
Go! He told me to go .
Don't go! He sad me not to go .
The teacher said to us, "Be quiet, please." The teacher said to us to be quiet.

Если ситуация изменилась, то нет необходимости во временном сдвиге. 

EXAMPLES
:
Paul said. "My new job is very interesting".
Paul said that his new job is very interesting.

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